{"componentChunkName":"component---src-layouts-issue-js","path":"/issues/volume-1","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"title":"Main problems of agriculture and rural areas in Poland in the period of transformation and integration with European Union","slug":"main-problems-of-agriculture-and-rural-areas-in-poland-in-the-period-of-transformation-and-integration-with-european-union","author":[{"name":"Józef Stanisław Zegar"},{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":7,"pageTo":18,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580382661-2003-rad-01-01-zegar.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_01_ZEGAR"},"abstract":"Problems currently observed in Polish agriculture have different origins. Some of them have an historical background, while others are related to systemic transformation and forthcoming accession to the European Union. Most of the problems are common for all the candidate countries and most of them are also observed in the developed economies. Identification of these problems is the main purpose of this article. Special attention is paid to natural, human and capital resources available in rural areas. Possible development paths are pointed out. The article also covers most of the opportunities that may help overcome rural development problems in Poland in the wake of forthcoming accession, and their limitations."}},{"node":{"title":" Transforming the functional structure of Poland’s rural areas","slug":"transforming-the-functional-structure-of-polands-rural-areas","author":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":19,"pageTo":37,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580382633-2003-rad-01-02-banski.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_02_BAŃSKI"},"abstract":"This article is devoted to changes in the functional structure of Poland’s rural areas in the years 1988-1999, that is – in the period of transition from the socialist to market economy and the country’s preparations for the EU accession. As the result of functional classification of rural areas carried out in 1999, it proved possible to identify ten functional classes, which can be associated into five groups (i.e. areas with an agricultural function, with equal contribution from different functions, with prevalent forestry, with prevalent tourist/rest-and-recreation function, and with prevalent non-agricultural function).\nThe functional classification obtained revealed that the ten-year period brought   a strengthening of the agricultural function in central and eastern Poland, while the West and parts of the South witnessed an increase in the significance of functions outside agriculture. The latter were the result of the development of new economic activities, including farms engaging in the processing of agricultural products and the rendering of different kinds of services. In areas with a prevailing agricultural function, there has in general been a decline in the significance of the market-related agriculture, and an increase of its role in the self-supply for rural inhabitants."}},{"node":{"title":"Rural space and rural development in Romania","slug":"rural-space-and-rural-development-in-romania","author":[{"name":"Marioara Rusu"},{"name":"Violeta Florian"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":39,"pageTo":55,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383114-2003-rad-01-03-rusu.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_03_RUSU"},"abstract":"The rural space of Romania is characterised in terms of administrative breakdown, area and population, with reference to the NUTS classifications. This is followed by a demographic analysis of the gender and age structures, as well as migration flows. The rural-urban flows are considered, as is the employment structure in rural areas. Then, the farming sector is analysed, both with respect to its productive and factor characteristics, and the farm population features, over the period of systemic transformation. It is noted that farming intensity has gone down altogether on almost all accounts, while privatisation of farming has been overwhelming. At the same time, during the transformation, there have been disadvantageous phenomena within the farm population (decrease of average acreage). Against this background, the institutional infrastructure of the Romanian agriculture and rural economy is considered, including various ownership and association forms. It is proposed that an adequate restructuring of Romanian agriculture would require a developed and pronounced agricultural policy, as well as significant outlays."}},{"node":{"title":"Regional future scenarios for rural space types in Austria","slug":"regional-future-scenarios-for-rural-space-types-in-austria","author":[{"name":"Klaus Wagner"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":57,"pageTo":64,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383153-2003-rad-01-04-wagner.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_04_WAGNER"},"abstract":"The results of this study show development paths of rural regions in Austria. The conflicts between various policy objectives in regard to agriculture, the regional economy and protection of the environment will increase further. The value, which the society attaches to the social functions of agriculture and the areas covered by it, will increase more than the value of the production of biomass. In main agricultural regions the function “production of food and raw materials” is still the most important pillar of agriculture and the regional economy. In the more densely populated districts also the functions of resource protection, spatial structuring and biodiversity are very important for society. In the mountainous districts multifunctionality appears to be a complementary phenomenon. Most important there is the function of biodiversity, but also tourism-relations in the case of developed tourist regions. In the case of eastern border regions, with special problems in regional economy the functions of agriculture and agricultural areas assume low levels. In some districts new dynamics can be observed since the opening of the borders, but in some regions there is still lack of progress. The subsidies for agriculture and regional development should depend on the different multifunctional bases of the regions."}},{"node":{"title":"Information society and the countryside: can internet-based systems bring income alternatives to rural areas?","slug":"information-society-and-the-countryside-can-internet-based-systems-bring-income-alternatives-to-rural-areas","author":[{"name":"Gerhard K. Heilig"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":65,"pageTo":79,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383183-2003-rad-01-05-heilig.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_05_HEILIG"},"abstract":"The paper reviews seven types of Internet-based technologies and services that may be especially suitable for rural areas. Its main focus is to analyze, which of these applications could promote rural development and prevent further economic and socio-demographic decline in peripheral rural areas. In particular, we will analyze whether these technologies have the potential to create income  alternatives for the rural population. The paper also criticizes the current rural development policy of the European Union, which is heavily biased towards the agro-environmental measures, largely ignoring the potential of Internet-based businesses and services for rural job creation."}},{"node":{"title":"Role of tourism in development of rural marginal areas (region of Šumava Mts. in Czech Republic)","slug":"role-of-tourism-in-development-of-rural-marginal-areas-region-of-sumava-mts-in-czech-republic","author":[{"name":"Jan Těšitel"},{"name":"Drahomira Kušová"},{"name":"Michael Bartoš"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":81,"pageTo":91,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383194-2003-rad-01-06-tesitel.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_06_TESITEL"},"abstract":"Marginality is a complex phenomenon resulting from the specific natural, economic as well as socio-cultural attributes of individual regions. It includes impossibility (of majority) of the population living in a given territory to integrate itself into the main developmental trends (e. g. Moller 1995; Sirovátka 1997). Transforming marginality into comparative advantage can be seen as one of promising ways to overcome it. As a region marginal from socio-economic perspective, but highly attractive as tourist destination, Šumava Mts. were chosen as a model area to demonstrate the idea. Documented by empirical findings, the latest history of the region is discussed in terms of assessing the strong and weak  points of developmental strategy adopted by the region, which is based on tourism as the main agent fostering region’s socio-economic wake."}},{"node":{"title":"Ecological systems of water management in rural areas","slug":"ecological-systems-of-water-management-in-rural-areas","author":[{"name":"Waldemar Mioduszewski"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":93,"pageTo":110,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383207-2003-rad-01-07-mioduszewski.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_07_MIODUSZEWSKI"},"abstract":"Poland has poor water resources. Moreover, they are unevenly distributed in space and time. Some types of human activity diminished water resources and increased the frequency of extreme phenomena such as floods and draughts. The development of rural areas depends on the quality and quantity of water resources. Suitable water management in rural areas can help enlarge water resources and minimize the negative effect of agriculture on natural flora and fauna. It should also allow for the increase of biological diversity.\nOne of the methods to improve water conditions is by increasing the retention abilities (water harvesting) of small basins. Field studies and approximate calculations showed that treatments consisting in the increase of swampy areas, number of water pools and small water reservoirs, elevating water level in eroded rivers and canals, improvement of the soil structure, regulation of outflows from the drainage systems, etc. can significantly enlarge water resources in river basins. Proper water management should enable the supply of good quality water both for the natural environment and for the agricultural and municipal needs."}},{"node":{"title":"Distribution of income in Polish agriculture","slug":"distribution-of-income-in-polish-agriculture","author":[{"name":"Leszek Klank"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":111,"pageTo":122,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383220-2003-rad-01-08-klank.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_08_KLANK"},"abstract":"During the transition period Poland achieved a rather quick rate of economic growth, exceeding 4.9% per annum. Inflation rate significantly decreased, even below the level observed in many EU countries. However, there were not only successes. Poland has reported very high, growing unemployment rate, beyond 20% of active labour force. Growth of the unemployment, in both rural and urban areas, is the main issue to be solved. Another important “hot” issue is income distribution. The period of economic transition in the post-communist countries, including Poland, brought about a considerable increase of income differentiation of the society. This differentiation applied to a greater extent to agriculture and rural population than to non-agricultural and urban population. In 1984 the Gini coefficient for all households was 0.240, but by 1998 it rose to 0.312 and for farmers these numbers were, respectively: 0.362 and 0.449."}},{"node":{"title":"The changes in and the spatial patterns of Polish agriculture","slug":"the-changes-in-and-the-spatial-patterns-of-polish-agriculture","author":[{"name":"Roman Kulikowski"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 1","year":2003,"no":1,"title":"Alternatives for European Rural Areas","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"}],"slug":"volume-1"},"pageFrom":123,"pageTo":136,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580383231-2003-rad-01-09-kulikowski.pdf","title":"2003_RAD_01_09_KULIKOWSKI"},"abstract":"Although the contribution of agricultural production to national income decreased from 58% in 1947 to 3.3% in 2001, Polish agriculture still provides employment to roughly 20% of the total of persons employed in the country. Average size of individual farms increased from 7.2 hectares in 1990 to 8 hectares in 2001. The small acreage of private holdings is prevalent in the southern provinces of the country. Worsening of the profitability of agricultural production at the beginning of 1990s (the loss of eastern markets), liquidation of state farming, increase of fallow areas, and a marked fall of funds in farm investments entailed a collapse in crop production, in animal breeding (especially in cattle raising) and in agricultural production as a whole. Gross agricultural production showed in 2000 the decrease by 12.4% in comparison with its level in 1990."}}]}},"pageContext":{"slug":"volume-1"}},"staticQueryHashes":["2036182386","3000541721"]}