{"componentChunkName":"component---src-layouts-issue-js","path":"/issues/volume-10","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"title":"Governance of Internet development in rural areas in the context of territorial competitiveness: the case of Poland","slug":"governance-of-internet-development-in-rural-areas-in-the-context-of-territorial-c","author":[{"name":"Adam Wasilewski"},{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"},{"name":"Marek Wigier"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":9,"pageTo":25,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483143-2013-rad-10-01-wasilewski.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-01-WASILEWSKI"},"abstract":"Modern Information and Communication Technologies are recognised as a main factor stimulating socio-economic development of urban and rural areas. The aim of this article is to investigate the ICT potential in the process of improvement in competitiveness of rural areas. The classical theoretical development approaches are presented in the context of ICT territorial distribution. On the basis of the case study conducted in Poland the main obstacles to the Internet development in rural areas are analysed. Potential role of the Internet technologies in the process of competitiveness improvement of rural areas is investigated. The analyses have been done with respect to different functional types of rural areas."}},{"node":{"title":"An assessment of the agricultural knowledge and innovation system in Hungary","slug":"an-assessment-of-the-agricultural-knowledge-and-innovation-system-in-hungary","author":[{"name":"Andrew F. Fieldsend"},{"name":"Erika Székely"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":27,"pageTo":44,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483145-2013-rad-10-02-fildsend.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-02-FILDSEND"},"abstract":"Knowledge flow systems are an essential component of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). A traditional view of a knowledge flow system would include research as a source of knowledge, extension and education as knowledge and information channels, and agricultural entrepreneurs as recipients of knowledge. More recently, this ‘linear’ view has been widely challenged, and in view of this the European Union is proposing a new approach to encouraging innovation in agriculture in the 2014-2020 programming period. This paper assesses the nature of knowledge flows through the AKIS in Hungary, and looks at the factors that encourage and discourage these. It concludes that to more effectively encourage innovation the functioning of the AKIS in Hungary must be improved and makes six recommendations: (a) a comprehensive review of the AKIS in Hungary should be conducted; (b) the present system of incentives for knowledge flow through the AKIS should be urgently reviewed; (c) future planning should be based on a state-of-the-art understanding of AKIS as multi-actor networks rather than simply as a unidirectional linear flow; (d) new models should be developed and tested on the basis of experience from other EU Member States; (e) monitoring of the performance of the AKIS in Hungary should be improved; and (f) an annual report on the performance of the AKIS should be prepared by the Hungarian government and submitted to Parliament."}},{"node":{"title":"The use of ICT in Mazovian agriculture","slug":"the-use-of-ict-in-mazovian-agriculture","author":[{"name":"Konrad Ł. Czapiewski"},{"name":"Roman Kulikowski"},{"name":"Jerzy Bański"},{"name":"Maria Bednarek-Szczepańska"},{"name":"Marcin Mazur"},{"name":"Mariola Ferenc"},{"name":"Michał Konopski"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":45,"pageTo":57,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483146-2013-rad-10-03-czapiewski.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-03-CZAPIEWSKI"},"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is the diagnosis and evaluation of ICT use in farming. The area of research presented in the study covers the region of Mazovia, which represents different types of rural areas and diverse forms of agriculture. Mazovia region is characterised, on the one hand, by the highest value of GDP per capita indicator in Poland and, on the other, the biggest internal differentiation.\nIn our analyses, a variety of research methods were used as well as data sources - both commonly available (secondary source), as well as data from own studies. For detailed identification of farm equipment level in ICT and its use by farmers, primary research was conducted among farmers and local authorities in 20 deliberately selected municipalities. In each municipality, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of local government. The second research method was a survey aimed to be completed by individual farmers – almost 1300 were completely filled by farmers.\nOwn research carried out among farmers in Mazovia showed that nowadays infrastructural determinants still remain the crucial problem in access to the Internet – a significant majority of farmers does not have the possibility of choosing the Internet services provider or is forced to use the forms of access that do not ensure a stable connection and high-speed data transmission. Most farmers use a computer and the Internet, if the household is equipped in them. However, there are used primarily in a passive way - mainly to obtain information. Active  forms of computer and Internet use, requiring user interaction, are much less common. Education is a very strong factor in differentiating the level of ICT use by farmers - poorly educated farmers are less able to acquire information from the Internet, while the transfer of knowledge with the use of ICT to best educated farmers is facilitated. Other characteristics of the economic situation of farms, the dominant production profile, size and location do not differentiate the levels of computer and Internet use by farmers as clearly as education, although these factors are important regulators of the frequency of Internet use for strictly occupational purposes."}},{"node":{"title":"Urban-rural relations as a source of transfer of knowledge: some examples from rural surrounding of Bratislava","slug":"urban-rural-relations-as-a-source-of-transfer-of-knowledge-some-examples-from-rur","author":[{"name":"Vladimír Székely"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":59,"pageTo":79,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483148-2013-rad-10-04-szekely.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-04-SZEKELY"},"abstract":"In-migration is generally accepted as a decisive factor of rural social and economic development and potential rural regeneration. Intellectual quality and practical experiences of new arrivals with their theoretical and practical knowledge, and also with their network of interpersonal contacts, influence (or have the potential to influence) the social and economic development trajectories in positive or negative sense. It was supposed and now is observed the diffusion of innovation (mainly in behaviour) is very dynamic. New forms of neo-liberal behaviour of new inhabitants of rural areas are in the distinct contradiction with rural traditional life and contribute not only to the important, but ambivalently perceived structural changes, but also to the conflicts with locally born population. The aim of the paper is contribute to the discussion about developmental potentials of rural areas in the surrounding of Bratislava under positive and negative impact of in-migrants and their knowledge transfer into rural environment. We use the results of newspaper monitoring about “two tier” rural society, together with overview of relevant published studies in geography, economy, and sociology, and additional face-to face interviews with rural inhabitants."}},{"node":{"title":"Acceptance of innovation diffusion in rural areas - a Romanian Case Study","slug":"acceptance-of-innovation-diffusion-in-rural-areas-a-romanian-case-study","author":[{"name":"Monica Tudor"},{"name":"Violeta Florian"},{"name":"Mihai Alexandru Chitea"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":81,"pageTo":106,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483149-2013-rad-10-05-tudor.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-05-TUDOR"},"abstract":"In our paper we tried to investigate the organisation and functioning of the Agricultural Knowledge System in Romania. On the basis of system analysis approaches, we critically examined the set of public and private organisations dedicated to research, education and extension, and their interaction with knowledge users (traditional farmers) and the main system failures and strengths in the innovation process in agriculture were identified. The empirical research in this study had a heuristic value."}},{"node":{"title":"Assessment of farmers role in relation to the support of rural communities","slug":"assessment-of-farmers-role-in-relation-to-the-support-of-rural-communities","author":[{"name":"Marie Trantinová"},{"name":"Marie Štolbová"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":107,"pageTo":123,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483149-2013-rad-10-06-trantinova.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-06-TRANTINOVA"},"abstract":"All EU countries prepare new Rural Development Plan 2014-2020 for agriculture and rural areas incl. LEADER. An integral part of the planned document is analysis of rural areas and the LEADER programme. Some key questions were solved during the analysis. Such as: “How to target financial support to rural areas to achieve high effect in the social, economic and environmental terms.” The analysis requires objective documented data of results of many studies and surveys. Experience shows that often it is not easy to obtain the required data concerning awareness among applicants, the potential of social capital or the needs to improve infrastructures or level of enterprise in rural areas. Very important source was the RDP 2011 Mid-term review in the Czech Republic. The main results of the analysis showed that it is vitally necessary to increase employment in rural areas by strengthening rural economy and social capital. It is very important to exchange experience among European countries during the preparation, implementation delivery and evaluation of the RDP."}},{"node":{"title":"The role of science in sustainable development of agriculture according to the Polish scientific community","slug":"the-role-of-science-in-sustainable-development-of-agriculture-according-to-the-po","author":[{"name":"Arkadiusz Sadowski"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"},{"name":"Wawrzyniec Czubak"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":125,"pageTo":135,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483150-2013-rad-10-07-sadowski.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-07-SADOWSKI"},"abstract":"Sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas is a complex issue. Therefore, identifying the needs for sustainability, study the stage of its conceptualization, developing methods and implementation instruments, require the involvement of different scientific fields. Their role varies both in concept and implementation. The aim of the research was to determine the scientific community representatives’ opinion on the role of science and its particular fields in the implementation of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. This analysis was preceded by determining the importance of science against the background of other factors. Surveys were conducted using a structured interview with 128 representatives of socio-economic and the life sciences. Basic descriptive statistics were used to characterize the obtained results.\nThe vast majority of respondents stated that implementing the ideas of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas is possible and justified. Analyses have shown that at the current stage of sustainable development implementation, the most important factors include scientific research and transfer of new technologies (in addition to political decisions). Such an opinion is expressed by the experts regardless of scientific field they represent (socio-economic and the life sciences). Moreover, ecology has been indicated as a science that mostly contributes to implementing principles for sustainable development of agriculture. Less importance has been, in turn, attached to the political sciences. The role of life and agricultural sciences (agronomy, zootechnics, veterinary medicine, agricultural chemistry) was rated more highly by representatives of the life sciences. The idea of sustainable development is still evolving concept, which is indirectly indicated by the opinions about increasing need for further engaging all scientific fields that were analyzed. Experts claim that in the future the role of sociology and rural sociology in implementing concepts will increase most significantly, which may indicate that a better understanding of social order will be required."}},{"node":{"title":"Requirements of organic farming and impact on direct costs of organic production","slug":"requirements-of-organic-farming-and-impact-on-direct-costs-of-organic-production","author":[{"name":"Marcin Żekało"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":137,"pageTo":149,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483151-2013-rad-10-08-zekalo.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-08-ŻEKAŁO"},"abstract":"Information and knowledge are now considered the most important factors for the development of the farm, and in the economic aspect they often allow to build competitive advantages. Naturally, the requirements of today's food production sector go beyond the economic effects of the production and also apply to meeting the environmental requirements. Organic farming as a holistic system can be such a proposal for management, but it places high demands on farmers. Restricted legislation in organic farming regulates in detail the manner of production, impacting directly on production character and also economic results achieved in organic farms. Farmers using theoretical and practical knowledge are needed to meet all formal requirements and they want to achieve the best economic results of production. We can point out the strengths of organic production, which by using natural resources, best agricultural techniques and sustainable plant and animal production can lead to a reduction of direct costs of production. The results of studies on the AGROKOSZTY system, relating to the economics  of organic production, indicate lower than in conventional farms direct costs of production, as well as good income performance from particular production activities."}},{"node":{"title":"Knowledge transfer and innovation network on the example of the EU-project TECH.FOOD","slug":"knowledge-transfer-and-innovation-network-on-the-example-of-the-eu-project-tech-f","author":[{"name":"Klaus Wagner"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":151,"pageTo":158,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483152-2013-rad-10-09-wagner.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-09-WAGNER"},"abstract":"The project “Tech.Food - Solutions and interventions for the technological transfer and the innovation of the agro-food sector in South East regions” was running in the framework of the EU-South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme, financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). It aimed at setting up a transnational network for building links among enterprises and research bodies of a wide area. It represented an opportunity to improve the partner’s institutional capacity to be effective in promoting innovation. The direct involvement of enterprises represented transnationality, concurring to create innovation and internationalization opportunities to local productive systems. Partners of eight countries under coordination of an Italian lead partner implemented the project ideas of elaborating regional profiles of needs and weaknesses concerning research, development and innovation of the agro-food sector. Transnational networks, technological transfer nodes, technical focus groups as well as best-experience data base and tool development for raising the innovation potential should contribute to the project aims."}},{"node":{"title":"Evolution of state policy on GMOs and its impact on the potential of rural areas in Poland","slug":"evolution-of-state-policy-on-gmos-and-its-impact-on-the-potential-of-rural-areas","author":[{"name":"Krzysztof Hryszko"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":159,"pageTo":171,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483152-2013-rad-10-10-hryszko.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-10-HRYSZKO"},"abstract":"In the last dozen years or so the world experienced a dynamic growth in cultivations of genetically modified plants. Agricultural producers, achieving measurable economic benefits, have developed the production of genetically modified plants to an increasingly great scale. The number of supporters of the GMOs use has been increasing systematically, not only among farmers noting the potential to improve income owing to this technology, but also among politicians noting the chances for agriculture to contribute to providing solutions to basic problems of the world today, e.g.: ensuring food and energy safety. Genetically modified food and food produced with the use of raw materials obtained from GMO plants has become a permanent element of our diet and forms an increasing part of food consumed today. Currently, it is difficult to produce poultry and pig meat, in particular in Europe and other highly-developed countries, without feed containing genetically modified soy. The list of highly processed food products has been expanding quickly and the number of opponents of releasing genetically modified organisms into the environment has been on the raise. Social concern about unknown, long-term effects of unnatural genetic manipulations on natural environment and consumer health has been growing, though so far, despite numerous tests, no significant evidence of their negative impact on human and animal health was found. For several years, Poland has been one of the opponents of using modified plants and has been trying, by means of national legal provisions, to prevent from using this technology both in agriculture and food processing, which makes the respective provisions of acts on feedstuff and the act on seed contradictory to the EU legislation.\nThis article provides a revision of evolution of views on GMO, current legal state in the European Union and Poland as well as proposed changes in this regard.\nDevelopment of genetically modified plants production in the world was also analysed, both in terms of species cultivated and countries using them in agricultural production. Selected economic and social effects, a given state policy may have on the current and future potential of rural areas in Poland, were presented against this background.\nIn 2011, genetically modified plants were cultivated within the area of 160 million ha, and the number of countries in which their use was permitted increased to 29. Average annual pace of increase as regards these cultivations since 1996,\ni.e. when commodity production with the use of modified plants was first launched, reached over 35%, i.e. ca. 10 million ha. In this period a total of 1.25 billion ha was subject to cultivation with the number of farmers involved in non-conventional production exceeding 110 million. According to estimations, global benefits of using GM plants in cultivation reached nearly USD 10.8 billion in 2009, and since 1996 they exceeded USD 64 billion in total. Under Polish conditions, from the point of view of economic aspects the problem of whether to use GMOs in field crops or not, is considerably insignificant, yet political decisions on possible prohibition of marketing of GMO products, especially including protein feed components, may have negative impact on farmers involved in commodity animal production (poultry and pig livestock, to a lesser extent bovine animals)."}},{"node":{"title":"The Farmers’ Calendar as an example of a cultural factor shaping the knowledge about the countryside and agriculture in Poland","slug":"the-farmers-calendar-as-an-example-of-a-cultural-factor-shaping-the-knowledge-abo","author":[{"name":"Marcin Wójcik"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":173,"pageTo":184,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483153-2013-rad-10-11-wojcik.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-11-WÓJCIK"},"abstract":"The modern scientific discourse on economic development increasingly emphasises the role of cultural factors. Social sciences reach for the cultural theories when they cannot explain the lack of economic growth despite favourable conditions, especially the financial and institutional ones. In Poland agriculture is the sector where the changes are strongly conditioned by the cultural background. Increasingly, the transformation of agriculture is broadly referred to the concept of \"rurality\". The study of modernisation of rural areas should take greater account of the cultural dimension (factors, determinants) and its influence over the economic transformation. A cultural perspective allows understanding the historicity of the countryside as a kind of the social survival which, whatever the prevailing economic trends, is based on certain values.\nSocial scientists (sociologists, anthropologists, human geographers and other specialists) often criticise the perception of the peripheries as being economically backward and underdeveloped, especially in the context of the depreciation of the rural lifestyle. What is emphasised is the role of rural communities in fostering traditional values, including forms of cultural landscape, and their contribution to the phenomena shaping the modern mass (global) society. In recent years, the concept of \"social representation\", which uses qualitative methodology (mainly the analysis of visual and written materials), has become very popular.\nThe paper presents The Farmers’ Calendar – a source of knowledge about agriculture addressed to farmers, which carries not only useful information but also a specific cultural transfer. This information is in fact embedded in the traditional cultural pattern, strongly associated with religious practices, the sphere of the family values and all the elements which stress the specific (magical and religious) dimension of the relation between a farmer and the nature. Although they cannot be regarded as the main source of knowledge about agriculture, these materials should be considered as an important expression of the cultural transmission and the way of thinking of a large group of people engaged in farming in Poland, especially in the eastern and southern regions of the country. The information from The Farmers’ Calendar was divided according to different criteria, including the volatility of the information over time (since the 1990s), the promoted interpretation of the vision of farmers’ work and the changes that have been taking place in the Polish agriculture."}},{"node":{"title":"The dynamic of agrifood systems and institutional impacts on Romanian vegetable producers","slug":"the-dynamic-of-agrifood-systems-and-institutional-impacts-on-romanian-vegetable-p","author":[{"name":"Cornelia Alboiu"},{"name":"Filon Toderoiu"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 10","year":2013,"no":10,"title":"Knowledge as a factor of rural development","editor":[{"name":"Paweł Chmieliński"},{"name":"Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka"}],"slug":"volume-10"},"pageFrom":185,"pageTo":198,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580483154-2013-rad-10-12-alboiu.pdf","title":"2013-RAD-10-12-ALBOIU"},"abstract":"The integration into the world trade and particularly along the chain of products with high value added, such as the vegetables chain, is considered as a promoter of growth and poverty alleviation (Aksoy and Beghin, 2005), even though this topic is subject to controversy. The paper’s purpose is to assess the role of collective organization forms in farmers’ participation in the Romanian supply chains, more exactly the possibility of farmers to adapt to the dynamic retail chains using new institutional economic theories. Having given the requirements imposed by retail chains to vegetable suppliers in terms of quantity, quality, frequency, food safety, it is expected that a small farmer cannot afford to participate individually in the retail chains due to high transaction costs, lack of scale and institutional changes required. In order to see the determinants of joining collective actions by vegetable producers, binary logit/probit models were used. The results signal out a small degree of farmers’ participation in collective forms of organizations. Also, they reveal a certain degree of uncertainty among stakeholders in terms of institutional arrangements and participation in collective action."}}]}},"pageContext":{"slug":"volume-10"}},"staticQueryHashes":["2036182386","3000541721"]}