{"componentChunkName":"component---src-layouts-issue-js","path":"/issues/volume-2","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"title":"Developments of rural economies in Central and Eastern Europe: an overview","slug":"developments-of-rural-economies-in-the-central-and-eastern-europe-an-overview","author":[{"name":"Sabine Baum"},{"name":"Peter Weingarten"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":7,"pageTo":29,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472688-2004-rad-02-01-baum.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_01_BAUM"},"abstract":"Since the beginning of transition, rural economies in Central and Eastern Europe have undergone a strong restructuring with increasing urban-rural disparities. The analysis of the rural situation on the basis of GDP p.c., investments, unemployment and sectoral structures leads to the question on which basis a sustainable and dynamic rural development can be achieved in the future. Rural development measures should use a multifunctional approach which incorporates the competitiveness of the agri-food sector, rural infrastructure and non-farm income sources and measures enhancing labour mobility. The EU accession is a chance for rural areas. However, there remain important challenges particularly in institution and capacity building just as in the political development of a clear focus and strategic vision."}},{"node":{"title":"The development of non-agricultural economic activity in Poland’s rural areas","slug":"the-development-of-non-agricultural-economic-activity-in-polands-rural-areas","author":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":31,"pageTo":43,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472699-2004-rad-02-02-banski.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_02_BAŃSKI"},"abstract":"This article, devoted to the issue of non-agricultural economic activity in rural areas, reports upon the latest statistical data, as well as material obtained by way of field study. Successive sections acquaint the reader with the contemporary functional structure of rural areas, the areas in which non-agricultural businesses are concentrated, the development of new functions in the countryside and factors favouring this development. The summary notes that Poland’s period of transformation brought a dynamic development of activity of the above kind, albeit one that has not yet been able to make up for the earlier closedown of state-owned or cooperative enterprises. The greatest development of non-agricultural economic activity has been observed in city hinterland areas and has first and foremost involved the service sector and trade. In turn, the peripheral areas left more or less to their own devices have experienced slower development of business outside agriculture, in association with such unfavourable phenomena manifested therein as depopulation, unemployment, lack of investment, etc. These all contribute to deepening of the poverty existing in the aforementioned areas."}},{"node":{"title":"Social, economic and demographic changes of rural areas in  Lithuania","slug":"social-economic-and-demographic-changes-of-rural-areas-in-lithuania","author":[{"name":"Saulius Stanaitis"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":45,"pageTo":58,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472757-2004-rad-02-03-stanaitis.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_03_STANAITIS"},"abstract":"The article deals with the problems of the economic and demographic situation in the rural areas of Lithuania. The article contains a brief review of distribution of farms according to the size and area of cultivated land. Special attention is paid to the changes of rural population and the determining factors thereof, the spatial analysis of natural increase and old age index in rural municipalities, and the transformation of the network of rural settlements in Lithuania."}},{"node":{"title":"Danish rural areas: recent experiences and future trends","slug":"danish-rural-areas-recent-experiences-and-future-trends","author":[{"name":"Soren Pilgaard Kristensen"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":59,"pageTo":77,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472785-2004-rad-02-04-kristensenl.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_04_KRISTENSENL"},"abstract":"Danish rural areas comprise 15% of the population and the bulk of agricultural production. Compared with urban areas, rural areas have generally been lacking a little behind in terms of employment, population and income levels in recent decades. However, seen in a European perspective, the differences are rather small and have to a certain extent been leveled by the Danish welfare system, through transfer of funds from rich to poor regions. Certain remote and vulnerable areas are facing serious problems in stimulating growth. This paper describes the characteristics of Danish rural areas, and highlights the diversity found among these areas as well as differences in future development potentials."}},{"node":{"title":"Structure of the rural population incomes in Poland before and after the accession to the European Union","slug":"structure-of-the-rural-population-incomes-in-poland-before-and-after-the-accession-to-the-european-union","author":[{"name":"Józef Stanisław Zegar"},{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":79,"pageTo":93,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472812-2004-rad-02-05-zegar.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_05_ZEGAR"},"abstract":"In the period of transformation significant changes in the structure of income sources of population in Poland have been observed. The most important ones are a fall in the share of salaries and an increased role of social transfers as a main source of incomes. These tendencies were especially visible in rural areas. Accession of Poland to the European Union creates through Common Agricultural Policy and regional policy new possibilities for overcoming income problems troubling rural population. Total transfers to Polish agricultural sector and rural areas within 2004-2006 under those titles would reach mare than 1O billion €. To ensure maximum absorption of available funds, national development plans were elaborated. Authors argue that during the first years of membership there will be no significant changes in the rural population's income structure."}},{"node":{"title":"Future perspectives for sparsely populated areas in Sweden","slug":"future-perspectives-for-sparsely-populated-areas-in-sweden","author":[{"name":"Ulf Wiberg"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":95,"pageTo":107,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472829-2004-rad-02-06-wiberg.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_06_WIBERG"},"abstract":"The sparsely populated northern Sweden has been the main target area for regional policy efforts since the 1960s. A rich variety of regional policy measures have been launched over the years. However, despite this and a heavy expansion of welfare undertakings a significant depopulation has taken place. Also the first generation of EU Structural Funds show very weak structural impacts on development of employment and population.\n\nAgainst this background the need is highlighted to reconsider fundamental principles behind policymaking. The paper argues for more active efforts to change attitudes and behaviour among economic actors and households in order to achieve stronger structural impacts. As a critical part of this the elaboration is suggested of new proactive strategies aiming at more sustainable spatial structures of welfare distribution and job opportunities in this type of increasingly vulnerable peripheries."}},{"node":{"title":"Changes in population and industries in the rural areas of Finland: from analysis of administrative regions to a GIS based approach","slug":"changes-in-population-and-industries-in-the-rural-areas-of-finland-from-analysis-of-administrative-regions-to-a-gis-based-approach","author":[{"name":"Toivo Muilu"},{"name":"Jarmo Rusanen"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":109,"pageTo":117,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472849-2004-rad-02-07-muilu.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_07_MUILU"},"abstract":"The statistical analysis of rural change is traditionally based on classifications of administrative regions, like municipalities or provinces. These classifications do not allow fine-grained interregional analysis of rural change. Especially in sparsely-populated countries, like Finland, the border between rural and urban areas is often fuzzy, which means that rural elements may be found within administratively urban municipalities. This paper presents a GIS-based approach for analysis of changes in rural population and industries. The data employed is based on 1 x 1 km inhabited grid cells defined by base map coordinates, allowing for a flexible analysis of rural change independent from administrative borders."}},{"node":{"title":"Web-based functionality of Polish self-governmental units and its effectiveness in promoting the development of rural areas","slug":"web-based-functionality-of-polish-self-governmental-units-and-its-effectiveness-in-promoting-the-development-of-rural-areas","author":[{"name":"Jan W. Owsiński"},{"name":"Aneta M. Pielak"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":119,"pageTo":132,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472863-2004-rad-02-08-owsinski.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_08_OWSIŃSKI"},"abstract":"The paper presents an initial stage of a modest empirical study of the web sites run by a set of Polish self-governmental authorities of a definite level. The study, which is an on-going effort, is carried out according to the standard WAES methodology. The region, for which the study is being carried out, is characterised shortly, and the proper results are reported as seen in various aspects. The conclusions drawn refer to (1) the developments in the domain (quantity and quality); (2) the importance attached by the self-governmental units; and (3) the potential effectiveness in promoting the development of rural areas. It is shown that the local administrative authorities, even if starting with a definite delay, are effectively catching up in terms of both presence and the range of information and service provided. Although there is still quite a way to go regarding deeper functionality of the web services oriented at the development of rural areas, the current situation looks promising. The paper ends with a summary evaluation and indication of some prospective directions of work, both in web-based functionality and related research."}},{"node":{"title":"Spatial variability of multifunctional landscape as the basis for potential differences of regional „smart growth“ of rural areas – the examples from Poland","slug":"spatial-variability-of-multifunctional-landscape-as-the-basis-for-potential-differences-of-regional-smart-growth-of-rural-areas-the-examples-from-poland","author":[{"name":"Marek Degórski"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":133,"pageTo":147,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472879-2004-rad-02-09-degorski.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_09_DEGÓRSKI"},"abstract":"Management of multifunctional landscape in conformity with the pre- requisites of the sustainable and harmonious development constitutes currently one of the priorities of spatial policy in the countries of European Union. This policy assigns a special significance to rural areas, subject to a very strong human pressure and the associated functional and spatial transformations of landscape. The purpose of the present report is to identify the conditions of regional development of the rural areas, linked with the concept of „smart growth“, and to illustrate them with the results of analysis of the factors determining this process, conducted for two territorial units of Poland, corresponding to the provinces of Greater Poland – situated in western Poland, and Podlasie – in the north-eastern part of the country. The choice of these provinces was by no means incidental, since they are representative, in terms of numerous socio-economic features, for the larger areas of western and eastern Poland. The results obtained indicate that smart growth can be considered a very important tool in development of the regional growth policies. It allows, on the one hand, for making use of the natural resources of the environment and of the socio-economic potential of the region, while on the other hand – to optimise regional growth in accordance with the principles of sustainable development."}},{"node":{"title":"Structure and evolution of landscapes in connection with strategic planning of development of rural areas (on the example of the Slavsk area in the Kaliningrad district)","slug":"structure-and-evolution-of-landscapes-in-connection-with-strategic-planning-of-development-of-rural-areas-on-the-example-of-the-slavsk-area-in-the-kaliningrad-district","author":[{"name":"Elena Albertovna Romanova"},{"name":"Olga Leonidovna Vinogradova"},{"name":"Larisa Yurievna Stanchenko"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 2","year":2004,"no":2,"title":"Changing functions of rural areas in the Baltic Sea Region","editor":[{"name":"Jerzy Bański"}],"slug":"volume-2"},"pageFrom":149,"pageTo":158,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580472897-2004-rad-02-10-romanova.pdf","title":"2004_RAD_02_10_ROMANOVA"},"abstract":"The article describes the landscape planning possibilities for changing of rural zone functions on an example from a problem area in the district of Kaliningrad. During the field season of 2003 the group of landscape-ecological planning of Faculty of Geography and Geoecology, Kalinigrad State University, accomplished the first stage of research – the geomorphological and landscape mapping of the Slavsk area (scale 1:50,000), and the tourist map of the area was prepared (scale 1:100,000). On the basis of field research the functional-ecological map of the Slavsk area was drawn.\nOn this basis four spatial zones were determined in the Slavsk area:\n* the protected natural territories and their buffer zones,\n* delta lowland of the river Neman limited by the waterway of the river Matrosovka,\n* lowland plain in the central part of the area with wooded aeolian sands,\n* upland moraine plain in the southern part of the area."}}]}},"pageContext":{"slug":"volume-2"}},"staticQueryHashes":["2036182386","3000541721"]}