{"componentChunkName":"component---src-layouts-issue-js","path":"/issues/volume-8","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"title":"Contrasting prospects for new sources of rural employment in two regions of the European Union","slug":"contrasting-prospects-for-new-sources-of-rural-employment-in-two-regions-of-the-e","author":[{"name":"Andrew F. Fieldsend"},{"name":"Kinga Kerekes"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":7,"pageTo":21,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481137-2011-rad-08-01-fieldsend.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-01-FIELDSEND"},"abstract":"Historically, the economic contribution of rural areas to regions was clear: it was the provider of farm produce and other raw materials such as coal. Rural employment was evidently based on the exploitation of natural capital. More recently this picture has been obscured by several trends such as the declining importance of agriculture in rural economies which are becoming increasingly diversified, the increasing mobility of populations and new approaches to economic development and to governance. This paper compares current employment patterns, and opportunities for/constraints on, rural economic diversification, in two contrasting regions of the EU in terms of typology, but of roughly similar size in terms of population, the Chelmsford and Braintree ‘travel to work area’ in Essex CC NUTS3 region (UK), and Bistrita-Năsăud county in Romania. In both regions there is a lack of jobs in rural areas. In Essex the major socio-economic response is commuting while in Bistrita-Năsăud it is international migration and/ or withdrawal in self-subsistence agriculture. The former region has an economically diverse rural economy and the greatest opportunities for job creation are knowledge-based, low environmental impact businesses; the agri-food chain (but not primary production); short break tourism; home based businesses/consultancies; home-based working remote from the office; services for the ageing population; and leisure activities. In the latter, the economy is still heavily based on agriculture, and the agri-food supply chain, forestry, tourism, crafts and services for the population are the most promising sectors for job creation."}},{"node":{"title":"Role of territorial government in the development of agriculture  and non-agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas","slug":"role-of-territorial-government-in-the-development-of-agriculture-and-non-agricult","author":[{"name":"Ryszard Kata"},{"name":"Dariusz Zając"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":23,"pageTo":31,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481150-2011-rad-08-02-kata.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-02-KATA"},"abstract":"The main objective of the  research  is  to  evaluate the  significance  of gmina local government in the field of agriculture and non-agricultural activity development in rural areas. To achieve this, questionnaires were designed and rural areas inhabitants were interviewed. The interviewees were farmers and entrepreneurs of non-agricultural business activity from rural areas of south-east Poland. The survey was carried out in 2007 and was directed to a randomly selected sample of 856 farmers – owners of individual farms – and among them there were 182 farmers - entrepreneurs. The analysis concentrated on activities of local government units realized for local development, in particular those supporting agriculture and non-agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas. On the basis of the information gathered, we also attempted to determine those activities of local government that shall be intensified or taken in order to better use local resources for the development of rural areas and agriculture itself."}},{"node":{"title":"Local food” from the processors’ and retailers’ point of view: A case study of Western Austria","slug":"local-food-from-the-processors-and-retailers-point-of-view-a-case-study-of-wester","author":[{"name":"Josef Hambrusch"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":33,"pageTo":46,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481169-2011-rad-08-03-hambrush.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-03-HAMBRUSH"},"abstract":"The production of “local food” has gained importance in the public discussion during the last few years as a result of increasing general interest in food safety, as well as environmental concerns regarding food production and transport. Often-cited arguments for purchasing local products relate to their special qualities, to protecting the environment and to the idea of supporting local farmers. But what about the perspectives of other market actors? For food processors and retailers, local products could offer a means of product differentiation and hence help increase their competitiveness on markets. This paper summarises the most significant statements of nine interviews with food processors and food retailers in Vorarlberg, the most western federal state of Austria."}},{"node":{"title":"Evaluation of the National Apiculture Programme in Austria, 2004-2007: General lessons learned regarding support programmes","slug":"evaluation-of-the-national-apiculture-programme-in-austria-2004-2007-general-less","author":[{"name":"Julia Neuwirth"},{"name":"Josef Hambrusch"},{"name":"Sabine Wendtner"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":47,"pageTo":58,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481190-2011-rad-08-04-neuwirth.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-04-NEUWIRTH"},"abstract":"To improve production and marketing of honey, the European Commission has laid down general rules for the application of specific measures within national programmes of the Member States (Council Regulation No. 1221/1997, updated by Regulation No. 797/2004). These national programmes are part of the first pillar of the CAP and are co-financed by the EU with a share of 50%. In 2009, an evaluation of the Austrian apiary subsidy programme for the period 2004-2007 was commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management for the purpose of identifying the relevance of these measures for the apicultural sector.\nThe present paper is based on the study “Evaluation of the Apiculture Subsidy Programme 2004/05 to 2006/07” and comprises selected results of those programme measures which appear to be most interesting in an international context. Towards this end, application and payment data were analysed using descriptive statistics to reflect the direct effects of the programme on the Austrian apiary sector. The evaluation results permit the deduction of several recommendations having general validity for the implementation of support programmes in rural areas."}},{"node":{"title":"Production directions of agricultural farms located in remote rural areas of Poland","slug":"production-directions-of-agricultural-farms-located-in-remote-rural-areas-of-pola","author":[{"name":"Marcin Żekało"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":59,"pageTo":66,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481200-2011-rad-08-05-zekalo.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-05-ŻEKAŁO"},"abstract":"The strategy for rural development provides a differentiated approach to each type of rural areas. Particularly “sensitive” areas for rural development in Poland are remote rural areas, which are dominated by small farms with small economic strength. In many cases further agricultural development is very difficult or even impossible for these farms. For a lot of farms adapting to the current market situation is to determine the direction of production and the choice of management system. In this regard, organic farming seems to be a good alternative for those farms also given the significant financial support for the sector. Besides, organic farming also consistent with the paradigm of sustainable development - especially the concept of sustainable environmental development and protection of environmental heritage."}},{"node":{"title":"Problems of food market development of Ukraine","slug":"problems-of-food-market-development-of-ukraine","author":[{"name":"Oksana Kleban"},{"name":"Stepan Poperechnyi"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":67,"pageTo":76,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481210-2011-rad-08-06-kleban.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-06-KLEBAN"},"abstract":"In any country food market trends and the level of foodstuffs provision is a question of urgent importance. The main function of food market is providing victuals in necessary volumes.\nThe aim of this paper is to analyze modern state of food market in Ukraine and to research factors of its development. For this purpose we used following methods: analysis and synthesis, statistical, conceptual and logical."}},{"node":{"title":"The agriculture as a real assumption of regional and rual development in Serbia","slug":"the-agriculture-as-a-real-assumption-of-regional-and-rual-development-in-serbia","author":[{"name":"Branko Katić"},{"name":"Drago Cvijanović"},{"name":"Radovan Pejanović"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":77,"pageTo":89,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481222-2011-rad-08-07-katic.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-07-KATIĆ"},"abstract":"Serbia  is a country in transition, the one which, after '90ies of the last century, has passed through number of difficulties, which had manifested in change of social and economic system, change of economic and social structure, and all other consequences followed by those changes. The path toward its membership in the EU is long. Like other socialist countries, after the World War II, it has also used an acceptable concept for that period of economic development's planned direction with focus on the country industrialization, where had been left aside agriculture development, the activity which had before significantly more important role in the country economy. The industrialization processes were followed also by accelerated urbanization. Increasing number of inhabitants is concentrated in the cities, suburbs to which they were spread and in industrial centers. In the rural areas, the number of inhabitants was relatively, later even absolutely, decreasing; population on individual agricultural husbandries became older and older, while existing resources became less used. The consequences are increasingly poorer rural settlements. Along with official policy for equable development of all regions, obvious regional differences in development were present also in that period.\nThis was until the beginning of '90ies of the last century, when had appeared radical fall in real sector of the economy, especially in industry where major workers had been employed and had the most significant participation in creation of the country's domestic product. The similar happens with the construction activity, but also with agricultural enterprises and agricultural cooperatives. Many regions in the country were left without enterprises where workers had gained a live hood and the state its incomes. During these events, the regional differences have significantly increased."}},{"node":{"title":"Governance of market in the case of local food systems as crucial dimension of the „rural web“ – case study of an Austrian and a Hungarian National Park region","slug":"governance-of-market-in-the-case-of-local-food-systems-as-crucial-dimension-of-th","author":[{"name":"Judit Kovács Katona"},{"name":"Thomas Dax"},{"name":"Ingrid Machold"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":91,"pageTo":111,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481232-2011-rad-08-08-katona-kovacs.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-08-KATONA-KOVACS"},"abstract":"Rural development processes can be interpreted as the result of an increasingly complex interplay of different driving forces. The ‘rural web’ concept, developed recently as a theoretical framework, emerges as the intersection of six inter-related dimensions (endogenity, novelty production, governance of market, institutional arrangements, social capital, sustainability), each of which highlights particular features of rural development. Keeping in mind that these dimensions cannot be separated from each other, the paper examines the domain of governance of market in two National Parks, the Hortobágy National Park region in Hungary and the Hohe Tauern National Park region in Austria. In both cases the existence of a dynamic innovation approach is visible, which means that these large protected areas are referred to beyond their boundaries as tools of sustainable regional development. While the two regions are exemplary for different development paths (one characterizing more a case study of the “accumulation” group and the other one of the „depletion” group), the interrelations of actors turn out to be crucial for development activities. With regard to the specific situation of national parks the question arises, if producers of the two examined regions distinguish themselves from the conventional agri-food market through initiatives that aim to create alternative food networks. The hypothesis behind the work is that governance of market can be one of the reasons for the differences in development of the two regions. The paper compares the food networks in the two regions, and also examines the local contexts in which they take shape. Finally it tries to assess how the other sectors (especially tourism) are linked to agriculture, within the specific context of environmentally sensitive regions of National parks."}},{"node":{"title":"Assessment of regional development in light of rural and agricultural indicators within the Královéhradecký region (NUTS4, the Czech Republic)","slug":"assessment-of-regional-development-in-light-of-rural-and-agricultural-indicators","author":[{"name":"Tomáš Hlavsa"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":113,"pageTo":124,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481242-2011-rad-08-09-hlavsa.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-09-HLAVSA"},"abstract":"Regions in the Czech Republic, the same as in most European countries, show in their rural areas a considerable difference rate from points of view demographic, social and economic as well as from point of view of infrastructure. The paper deals with an assessment of NUTS 4 in Královéhradecký region in light of rural development and agriculture indicators. The methodological approach is based on multivariate statistical analysis using composite indicators. Identification and a subsequent analysis of these differences and a determination of a certain sequence of regions and their categorization can be beneficial for definition of trouble shooting regions and better support aiming. In the paper is also evaluated current regional policy applied in observed NUTS 4 in relation with disparity analysis results and categorization."}},{"node":{"title":"Strategic goals and priorities of sustainable agriculture and rural development in region of Upper Danube Region","slug":"strategic-goals-and-priorities-of-sustainable-agriculture-and-rural-development-i","author":[{"name":"Jonel Subić"},{"name":"Marko Jeločnik"},{"name":"Lana Ivanović"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":125,"pageTo":140,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481253-2011-rad-08-10-subic.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-10-SUBIĆ"},"abstract":"According to the Draft Spatial Plan of Republic of Serbia (2010): spatial integration and functional connection of regional units, that are necessary for achieving of greater territorial cohesion within Republic, as well as for development capacities strengthening and greater competitiveness of its constituent parts, leads to the identification process of development zones. One of them is the Danube belt, wider area functionally directed to, or linked with Danube River, which also includes zone along the Sava River. Compact space, linked with west towards Hungary, Croatia, Slovakia, Austria and Germany, and east towards Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine and Moldova, is a key development axis for spatial integration of Republic of Serbia with Europe. Economy, transport, tourism, cultural cooperation and other forms of population connection along this development axis, will be supported by projects related to Corridor 7, or common development strategy based on interstate cooperation of Danube countries and regions. Except underlined, important place will have also protection projects and cooperation within process of natural resources preservation between Serbia and Croatia in the area of Upper Danube region.\nUnequivocally orientation of Republic of Serbia for European integrations requires different definition of role and importance of agriculture, food-industry and rural development, comparing to previous documents and practice. Hence the need for creation of clearly conceived frame like a document – Strategy, as adequate answer on key questions for further development of agriculture and rural areas in the zone of Upper Danube region (Sombor city and municipalities of Apatin and Bač)2. In possible extent, policy of this development should be adjusted to the Common Agricultural Policy of EU, whose focus is more and more on development of rural areas.\nBy development strategy, as long-term development document, relating the contemporary scientific achievements, are determined strategic goals and priorities of sustainable agriculture and rural development in the zone of Upper Danube region. That was accomplished by fundamental perceiving of existing natural and created potentials, available human resources, previous development directions, present and predictable problems, detail analysis and estimation of environment impacts. According the above mentioned, the most favorable, realistically achievable options of future development are suggested, bringing down the focus on place and role of agriculture in sustainable development of rural areas.\nStrategic goals and priorities of sustainable agricultural and rural development in the zone of Upper Danube region, presented in this paper work, are mostly global and they just represent view on vision. They are actually answer on question\n„what we want to achieve?” considering available resources."}},{"node":{"title":"Labour market and employment sources in rural areas of Bulgaria","slug":"labour-market-and-employment-sources-in-rural-areas-of-bulgaria","author":[{"name":"Bozhidar Ivanov"},{"name":"Rumen Popov"}],"volume":{"name":"Volume 8","year":2011,"no":8,"title":"Rural Development: Quo Vadis?","editor":[{"name":"Zbigniew Floriańczyk"}],"slug":"volume-8"},"pageFrom":141,"pageTo":153,"pdf":{"url":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/20305/1580481262-2011-rad-08-11-ivanov.pdf","title":"2011-RAD-08-11-IVANOV"},"abstract":"The theory of path dependency reveals that in the territories, where the population is characterized with worsened structure, the infrastructure is affected by underdeveloped problems and the amenities are not enough evinced, it is difficult to expect designation of activities, creating new employment. The appearance of innovative and knowledge based job in the rural areas is very hard challenge because the prepositions providing and creating them are missing. The lack of appropriate infrastructure, the demographic problems and the affected pattern of working force in the rural areas in terms of education, qualification and abilities deprive the reliance on the endogenous resources to create new employment directions. It is found that significant resources for successful development of the rural parts are available in the realm of natural and cultural capital. The main challenge is to make a mechanism, which will utilize the natural and cultural capital of the rural areas, hence will mobilize local people and will create a new and more jobs. This is the only way to shape regional identity, bring a change in the life of people from these areas, and form stabile balance between urban and rural poles."}}]}},"pageContext":{"slug":"volume-8"}},"staticQueryHashes":["2036182386","3000541721"]}